Complete Metal Density & Specific Gravity Chart
Accurate weight calculations are impossible without precise density values. This engineering reference guide provides the density (in both metric and imperial units) and the specific gravity for the most common alloys used in industrial fabrication, machining, and aerospace engineering.
What is Density and Specific Gravity?
Density is a physical property defined as mass per unit of volume. Depending on where you are in the world, this is usually measured in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³), kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³), or pounds per cubic inch (lbs/in³).
Specific Gravity is a dimensionless unit that compares the density of a metal to the density of pure water at 4°C. Because water has a density of exactly 1.0 g/cm³, the Specific Gravity of a metal is mathematically identical to its density in g/cm³ (e.g., Aluminum has a specific gravity of 2.70, and a density of 2.70 g/cm³).
Standard Metal Density Reference Chart
The following chart provides average density values for popular metal families. Note that exact densities will fluctuate slightly depending on the specific trace alloys (like Chromium, Nickel, or Zinc) present in your exact material grade.
| Metal / Alloy | Density (lbs/in³) | Density (g/cm³) | Specific Gravity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Magnesium (Alloy) | 0.063 | 1.74 | 1.74 |
| Aluminum (6061) | 0.098 | 2.70 | 2.70 |
| Titanium (Grade 5) | 0.160 | 4.43 | 4.43 |
| Zinc (Cast) | 0.240 | 6.60 | 6.60 |
| Cast Iron (Gray) | 0.260 | 7.15 | 7.15 |
| Carbon Steel (A36) | 0.284 | 7.85 | 7.85 |
| Stainless Steel (304) | 0.289 | 8.00 | 8.00 |
| Stainless Steel (316) | 0.289 | 8.00 | 8.00 |
| Brass (C36000) | 0.307 | 8.50 | 8.50 |
| Bronze (C93200) | 0.322 | 8.91 | 8.91 |
| Copper (C11000) | 0.323 | 8.94 | 8.94 |
| Lead | 0.410 | 11.34 | 11.34 |
| Gold (Pure) | 0.698 | 19.32 | 19.32 |
How Alloys Affect Density
"Steel" is not a single element; it is an alloy of Iron and Carbon. When metallurgists create Stainless Steel, they add massive amounts of Chromium (typically 18%) and Nickel (typically 8%). Because Nickel has a higher density (8.90 g/cm³) than pure Iron (7.87 g/cm³), Stainless Steel ends up being slightly heavier and denser than standard carbon steel.
Similarly, "Brass" is an alloy of Copper and Zinc. Because Zinc is lighter than Copper, adding more Zinc to the mix makes the resulting Brass lighter.
For highly precise engineering calculations, you should always consult the Material Test Report (MTR) provided by your metal supplier, which will give you the exact chemical composition of the heat lot you purchased.
Calculate Your Materials
Memorizing these numbers isn't necessary. Our Metal Weight Calculator has all of these specific gravities pre-programmed. Just select your alloy, input your length and width, and get an instant, accurate weight estimation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is titanium used in aerospace if aluminum is lighter?
While titanium (4.43 g/cm³) is heavier than aluminum (2.70 g/cm³), it is substantially stronger and has a much higher melting point. Titanium offers a better strength-to-weight ratio than aluminum at high temperatures, making it critical for jet engines and spacecraft.
Does the thickness of the metal change its density?
No. Density is an intrinsic physical property of the material. A 1-inch thick plate of steel has the exact same density (lbs/in³) as a piece of steel foil. The total weight changes because the volume changes, but the density remains constant.
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